Structural and Electrical Remodeling of the Sinoatrial Node in Diabetes: New Dimensions and Perspectives
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is composed of highly specialized cells that mandate the spontaneous beating of the heart through self-generation of an action potential (AP).Despite this automaticity, the SAN is under the modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).In diabetes mellitus (DM), heart rate variability (HRV) manifests as a hallmark of di